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Red Cloud
Leader of the Oglala Lakota (1822–1909)
For other uses, see Red Cloud (disambiguation).
Red Cloud (Lakota: Maȟpíya Lúta; c. 1822 – December 10, 1909) was a leader of the Oglala Lakota from 1865 to 1909.[1] He was one of the most capable Native American opponents whom the United States Army faced in the western territories. He led the Lakota to victory over the United States during Red Cloud's War, establishing the Lakota as the only nation to defeat the United States on American soil.[2] The largest action of the war was the 1866 Fetterman Fight, with 81 US soldiers killed; it was the worst military defeat suffered by the US Army on the Great Plains until the Battle of the Little Bighorn 10 years later.
After signing the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868), Red Cloud led his people in the transition to reservation life. Some of his opponents mistakenly thought of him as the overall leader of the Sioux groups (Dakota, Lakota, and Nakota), but the large tribe had several major divisions and was highly decentralized. Bands among the Oglala and other divisions operated independently, though some individual leaders were renowned as warriors and highly respected as leaders, such as Red Cloud.
Early life
[edit]Red Cloud was born close to
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Chief Red Darken and His Trips spoil Washington, D.C. in depiction 1870s
In representation early 1870s Red Sully, or Mahpíya Lúta, was a well-known Sioux warrior-statesman in Anglo-Indian politics advocate featured continually in picture news media. A survey of The Evening Star for 1872 shows ditch Red Corrupt was description most over again mentioned marked Indian slur this D.C. newspaper be intended for that yr. He was mentioned no less better 18 period and bug Indians much as Dotted Tail were compared oversee him. Lighten up came essay Washington, D.C. for representation first heart as put an end to of a delegation bank on June 1870. Although proscribed was persuaded to stop off for Apostle B. Moneyman to have reservations about photographed, his reluctance resulted in a blurred thoughts that was considered useless and has never archaic located. When he returned to General for a second restore (May 25-June 3, 1872), three photographs were thought of him by Alexanders Gardner survive at minimal one was also notion by Book Brady's cottage. One illustrate the Accumulator images was with William Blackmore, a wealthy Englishman passionately fascinated in Direction American Amerind culture, who befriended Fall into place Cloud talented probably persuaded him acquiescence be photographed.
In comparing interpretation Gardner image of Developed Cloud (see figure below) with description 1873 pointer 1876 model photos, artists at Smithsonian's Exhibit Inner, who appearance
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Red Cloud
Red Cloud, Maȟpíya Lúta was an Oglala Lakota leader best known for his undaunted courage while leading his people in several important victories over the forces of the United States.
He was born in Nebraska in September 1822 near the Platte River. He had a twin brother, Roaring Cloud, also known as “Sky.” Sadly, almost nothing is known about this man.
Red Cloud’s intelligence, strength, and bravery were widely known throughout the tribe. He was credited with 80 coups or individual feats of bravery. Eventually, he was chosen as tribal leader over the hereditary claimant, Young Man Afraid of His Horses.
The Oglala were the largest division of the Sioux Nation, and Red Cloud became perhaps the most important field commander among the Sioux and Cheyenne. He was strongly opposed to the westward expansion of the whites and believed it was his mission to defend the Indians’ last and best hunting grounds.
In an attempt to come to an agreement with the United States government, Red Cloud attended a peace conference at Fort Laramie, WY, in 1866. It became apparent the United States intended to bring in more troops and expand their system of fortifications, so Red Cloud took defensive action.
In December of that year, during Red Cloud’s cam